Brought to you by garden.gg Zone 2b Planting Calendar & Schedule
USDA zone 2 has average annual minimum temperatures of -50 to -40 F and one of the shortest, coolest growing seasons in North America, with a hard frost possible in any month and a frost-free window of roughly 11-13 weeks. Success depends on cold-hardy short-season varieties, indoor seed-starting, and season-extension structures.
Zone 2b is the warmer half of USDA zone 2, where the average coldest winter night bottoms out at −45 to −40°F. Compared with the zone 2 averages, the last spring frost in zone 2b comes about a week earlier (May 25) and the first fall frost about a week later (Sep 12), for a growing season of about 104 days. Every planting window on this page is shifted to match: spring sowing and transplant dates move a week earlier, fall plantings a week later. Crop notes still quote zone 2 timing.
Zone 2 covers interior Alaska around Fairbanks, the coldest pockets of northern Minnesota and North Dakota, and the high plains of northeastern Montana, where winter lows reach -50°F. The frost-free window runs about 90 days, from early June to early September, and a stray frost can land in any month. Gardening here means cold-hardy varieties bred for the far north, transplants started indoors in April, and row covers on standby all season.
States & regions in Zone 2: Interior Alaska (Fairbanks area), Northern Minnesota (Iron Range, International Falls), Northern North Dakota, Northeastern Montana high plains, Northern Maine (Aroostook County, scattered pockets)
The far north — where every frost-free day is precious.
Zone 2 is among the coldest growing regions in North America, with barely 90 frost-free days and a hard frost possible in any month. Cold-hardy short-season varieties, indoor seed-starting, and season extenders aren't extras here — they're the whole game.
Pro tip: Start everything you can indoors and lean on cold frames, low tunnels, and row covers to stretch the season at both ends.
Save a planting for your zone 2b garden — free
What to Plant in Zone 2b This Fall (September–November)
The average first fall frost in zone 2b is Sep 12. To find the last safe planting date for any fall crop, count back from that date by its days to maturity plus a 14-day fall factor — growth slows as days shorten and soil cools. Applied to zone 2b's frost date, that gives these plant-by dates:
Plant by Jul 30
30 days to maturity + 14-day fall factor
Plant by Jul 20
40 days to maturity + 14-day fall factor
Plant by Jul 15
45 days to maturity + 14-day fall factor
Zone 2a and 2b: these dates count back from zone 2b's first frost, which is about a week later than the zone 2 average of Sep 5. Zone 2a gardeners have about two weeks less fall time — see the zone 2a fall dates.
Fall crops on this zone 2b calendar include Garlic, Spinach, Pac/Corn Salad (Mâche). Each crop's sowing and transplant window is in the fall planting section below.
For month-by-month detail, see what to plant in October across every zone, what to plant in September, and the fall vegetable planting guide by zone.
What to Plant by Season in Zone 2b
The right crops and methods for each season, based on zone 2b's climate and frost timing.
What to Plant in Spring
Spring is short and arrives late in zone 2; the ground may not be workable until early-to-mid May. Most of spring is spent starting seeds indoors and direct-sowing only the hardiest cool-season crops once soil thaws, while protecting everything from hard late frosts that persist into early June.
Mar 4 - Apr 23
Start 6-8 weeks before transplant; choose ultra-short-season cold-set varieties (z3 lower bound, marginal but workable in z2 with protection).
Feb 22 - Mar 24
Slowest warm crop; start 8-10 weeks early under lights. Marginal in z2 - grow in containers/greenhouse.
Feb 14 - Mar 24
Start long-day varieties early; among the first seeds to sow indoors.
Feb 14 - Mar 24
Slow grower; start very early under lights.
Mar 4 - Apr 23
Needs a long head start; keep warm and moist.
Mar 4 - Apr 23
Very slow; start 10-12 weeks before transplant.
Mar 25 - Apr 23
Start 5-6 weeks before transplant for cool late-spring growth.
Mar 25 - Apr 23
Start indoors; harden off carefully.
Mar 25 - Apr 23
Very cold-tolerant transplant; reliable z2 crop.
Mar 14 - Apr 23
Needs the full season; start early and transplant late spring.
Apr 4 - Apr 23
Quick brassica; can also direct-sow after frost.
Apr 4 - Apr 23
Prone to bolting in heat; best for cool spring transition.
Apr 24 - May 24
Sow as soon as soil can be worked; very frost-tolerant (z2 hardy).
Apr 24 - May 24
Direct sow early; tolerates light frost.
Apr 24 - May 13
Cool-season legume; plant as soon as ground is workable.
Apr 24 - May 24
Very cold-hardy; bolts in heat so sow early.
Apr 24 - May 24
Direct sow successions; tolerates light frost (z2 hardy).
Apr 24 - May 24
Fastest crop; ready in 25-30 days, sow successions.
Apr 24 - May 24
Quick, cold-tolerant green; sow successions.
Apr 24 - May 24
Fast cool-season green; very hardy.
May 4 - May 24
Cold-tolerant; thin and use greens too.
May 4 - May 24
Sow into worked soil; germination slow in cold ground.
Apr 24 - May 24
Quick cool-season root; very hardy (z2).
May 4 - May 24
Long-season root; sow as early as possible.
May 4 - May 24
Slow germinator needing the full season; flavor sweetens after frost.
May 4 - May 24
Productive all summer; sow once soil warms slightly.
Apr 24 - May 24
Extremely cold-hardy; can also start indoors for transplant.
May 4 - May 24
Hardy brassica green; tolerates frost.
May 4 - May 24
Bolts in heat; best in cool spring window (z2 hardy).
May 4 - Jun 3
Plant seed potatoes after soil reaches ~45F; hill as they grow (z2 hardy).
Apr 24 - May 13
Spring-plant if fall mulch failed; fall planting preferred. Mulch heavily.
Apr 24 - May 13
Plant sets as soon as ground is workable.
May 4 - May 24
Plant sets/transplants outdoors after hardening off.
May 4 - May 24
Plant crowns in a permanent bed; cold-hardy perennial (z2).
May 4 - May 24
Plant crowns/divisions; reliable cold-hardy perennial.
May 4 - May 24
Plant bare-root crowns; choose hardy June-bearers.
May 4 - May 24
Bolts fast; sow successions through spring.
May 4 - May 24
Direct sow; self-seeds readily.
Mar 14 - Apr 23
Slow to germinate; start indoors and transplant.
May 4 - May 24
Hardy perennial; divide and plant clumps.
Apr 24 - May 24
Cool-season flower; sow early for fragrant blooms (z2 hardy).
Mar 14 - Apr 23
Start indoors; tolerates light frost when hardened off.
May 4 - May 24
Cold-tolerant; can sow as soon as soil works.
What to Plant in Summer
Summer is the brief, intense main growing season with long daylight hours (especially in interior Alaska) that partly compensate for the short calendar. After the early-June frost risk passes, transplant all warm-season crops and direct-sow the remaining heat-lovers, racing to harvest before the early-September frost.
May 25 - Jun 13
Transplant only after frost danger; use walls-of-water or a tunnel. Pick determinate short-season types.
May 25 - Jun 13
Marginal outdoors; best in containers or greenhouse with season extension.
May 25 - Jun 13
Start indoors 3-4 weeks then transplant; very productive (z3 lower bound, OK with care).
May 25 - Jun 13
Transplant after frost; black mulch warms soil.
May 25 - Jun 13
Choose fastest-maturing types; start indoors for a head start.
May 25 - Jun 13
Use early small-fruited varieties; needs the entire frost-free window.
May 25 - Jun 13
Pick the earliest-maturing pie types; start indoors.
May 25 - Jun 13
Sow earliest short-season hybrids once soil is warm; block-plant for pollination.
May 25 - Jun 13
Direct sow after frost; warmth-dependent so wait for warm soil (z3).
May 25 - Jun 13
Sow after frost; needs a trellis and the full warm window.
May 25 - Jun 13
Tolerates cool weather better than common beans; ornamental and edible.
May 25 - Jun 13
Choose the shortest-season variety; needs warm soil.
May 25 - Jun 13
Cold-sensitive; transplant under cover and use row covers early.
May 25 - Jun 13
Marginal (z4 lower bound) - grow in containers/greenhouse; start indoors early.
May 25 - Jun 13
Marginal (z4) - protect with season extension; plant two for pollination.
May 25 - Jun 13
Set out hardened transplants; quick to harvest.
May 25 - Jun 13
Transplant for summer heads; harvest side shoots into fall.
May 25 - Jun 13
Set out transplants; very reliable in cool z2 summers.
May 25 - Jun 13
Transplant; blanch heads and keep evenly watered.
May 25 - Jun 13
Transplant for a long fall harvest; flavor improves after frost.
May 25 - Jun 13
Transplant hardened seedlings; keep constantly moist.
May 25 - Jun 13
Transplant and trench/hill for blanched stems.
May 25 - Jun 13
Set out hardened transplants if not done in spring.
May 25 - Jul 24
Sow successions for continuous harvest.
May 25 - Jun 23
Succession sow for a fall harvest of roots and greens.
May 25 - Jun 23
Main-crop sowing; mulch to keep soil moisture even.
May 25 - Jul 24
Succession sow in cooler/shaded spots to avoid bolting.
May 25 - Jun 23
Heat-tolerant and productive all summer.
May 25 - Jul 24
Sow for fall harvest; sweetens after frost.
May 25 - Jun 13
Finish planting; hill regularly through summer.
May 25 - Jun 13
Very cold-sensitive (z4) - container-grow and keep warm; transplant only after nights warm.
May 25 - Jul 24
Succession sow for fresh leaf and seed.
May 25 - Jul 24
Sow successions in cooler weeks to slow bolting.
May 25 - Jun 13
Sow short-season varieties after frost; thrives in long-day light (z2).
May 25 - Jun 13
Edible flowers/leaves; sow after frost (z2 hardy as annual).
May 25 - Jun 13
Transplant for pest deterrence and color all summer.
May 25 - Jun 13
Warm-loving; transplant after frost for reliable bloom.
May 25 - Jun 13
Easy from seed after frost; tolerates poor soil.
May 25 - Jun 23
Bee magnet; self-seeds and tolerates cool nights (z2).
May 25 - Jul 24
Cool-tolerant; succession sow for continuous edible blooms.
What to Plant in Fall
Fall comes early and fast - the first hard frost typically lands in early September. The season is mostly about harvesting and curing the main crop, putting in frost-sweetened cold-hardy greens and roots under cover, and planting garlic for next year before the ground freezes hard.
Sep 18 - Oct 17
Plant cloves 4-6 weeks before ground freezes; mulch heavily (12+ inches) for winter (z3 hardy).
Aug 28 - Sep 17
Overwintering sow under mulch/cold frame for very early spring harvest; or quick fall crop.
Aug 28 - Sep 17
Extremely cold-hardy; overwinters under cover for spring greens (z3).
What to Plant in Winter
Winter in zone 2 is long, dark, and brutally cold (-40 F and below) with the ground frozen solid - there is no outdoor planting. This is the season for planning, ordering seeds, maintaining mulch on overwintered garlic and perennials, and starting the earliest indoor seedlings under lights toward the end of winter.
Feb 14 - Feb 21
Begin onions and leeks under lights at winter's end - they need the longest indoor lead time.
Feb 14 - Feb 21
Start under lights in late winter for June transplant.
Feb 14 - Feb 21
Slow-growing; sow indoors before winter ends.
Feb 14 - Feb 21
Needs the longest warm lead time of the fruiting crops; start under lights with heat mat.
Save a planting from your zone 2 calendar
Choose a crop and a date that suits your local conditions. Create a free account or sign in, then review and save your planting plan. Your saved plan is available on web, iOS, and Android.
Zone calendars are starting points, not local forecasts. Check local frost dates, soil temperature, and the crop's planting instructions before choosing a date. This does not change your profile's zone.
Full Planting Timing Table
Start-indoors, direct-sow, transplant, and harvest windows for every crop in zone 2b.
Vegetables
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arugula | — | Apr 24 - May 24 | — | — | Quick, cold-tolerant green; sow successions. |
| Asparagus | — | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | Plant crowns in a permanent bed; cold-hardy perennial (z2). |
| Beet | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | Sep 8 - Oct 7 | Cold-tolerant; thin and use greens too. |
| Bok Choy / Pak Choi | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | — | Bolts in heat; best in cool spring window (z2 hardy). |
| Broccoli | Mar 25 - Apr 23 | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Start 5-6 weeks before transplant for cool late-spring growth. |
| Brussels Sprouts | Mar 14 - Apr 23 | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | Sep 8 - Nov 7 | Needs the full season; start early and transplant late spring. |
| Bush Bean | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | — | Direct sow after frost; warmth-dependent so wait for warm soil (z3). |
| Cabbage | Mar 25 - Apr 23 | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | Sep 8 - Nov 7 | Very cold-tolerant transplant; reliable z2 crop. |
| Carrot | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | Sep 8 - Nov 7 | Sow into worked soil; germination slow in cold ground. |
| Cauliflower | Mar 25 - Apr 23 | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Start indoors; harden off carefully. |
| Celeriac | Mar 4 - Apr 23 | — | — | — | Very slow; start 10-12 weeks before transplant. |
| Celery | Mar 4 - Apr 23 | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Slow-growing; sow indoors before winter ends. |
| Collards | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | — | Hardy brassica green; tolerates frost. |
| Corn (Sweet) | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | — | Sow earliest short-season hybrids once soil is warm; block-plant for pollination. |
| Cucumber | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Cold-sensitive; transplant under cover and use row covers early. |
| Edamame (Soybean) | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | — | Choose the shortest-season variety; needs warm soil. |
| Fava Bean | — | Apr 24 - May 13 | — | — | Cool-season legume; plant as soon as ground is workable. |
| Garden Pea | — | Apr 24 - May 24 | — | — | Sow as soon as soil can be worked; very frost-tolerant (z2 hardy). |
| Garlic | — | — | Sep 18 - Oct 17 | — | Plant cloves 4-6 weeks before ground freezes; mulch heavily (12+ inches) for winter (z3 hardy). |
| Husk-less / Pie Pumpkin | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Pick the earliest-maturing pie types; start indoors. |
| Kale | — | Apr 24 - May 24 | — | Sep 8 - Nov 7 | Extremely cold-hardy; can also start indoors for transplant. |
| Kohlrabi | Apr 4 - Apr 23 | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Quick brassica; can also direct-sow after frost. |
| Leek | Feb 14 - Mar 24 | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | Sep 8 - Nov 7 | Start under lights in late winter for June transplant. |
| Lettuce | — | Apr 24 - May 24 | — | Sep 8 - Oct 7 | Direct sow successions; tolerates light frost (z2 hardy). |
| Mustard Greens | — | Apr 24 - May 24 | — | — | Fast cool-season green; very hardy. |
| Napa Cabbage | Apr 4 - Apr 23 | — | — | — | Prone to bolting in heat; best for cool spring transition. |
| Onion (Bulb) | Feb 14 - Mar 24 | — | May 4 - May 24 | Aug 28 - Oct 7 | Begin onions and leeks under lights at winter's end - they need the longest indoor lead time. |
| Pac/Corn Salad (Mâche) | — | Aug 28 - Sep 17 | — | — | Extremely cold-hardy; overwinters under cover for spring greens (z3). |
| Parsnip | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | Sep 8 - Nov 7 | Slow germinator needing the full season; flavor sweetens after frost. |
| Pepper (Bell & Hot) | Feb 14 - Feb 21 | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Slowest warm crop; start 8-10 weeks early under lights. Marginal in z2 - grow in containers/greenhouse. |
| Pole Bean | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | — | Sow after frost; needs a trellis and the full warm window. |
| Pole/Runner Bean (Scarlet) | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | — | Tolerates cool weather better than common beans; ornamental and edible. |
| Potato | — | — | May 4 - Jun 3 | Sep 8 - Oct 7 | Plant seed potatoes after soil reaches ~45F; hill as they grow (z2 hardy). |
| Pumpkin | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | Sep 8 - Sep 17 | Use early small-fruited varieties; needs the entire frost-free window. |
| Radish | — | Apr 24 - May 24 | — | — | Fastest crop; ready in 25-30 days, sow successions. |
| Rhubarb | — | — | May 4 - May 24 | Sep 8 - Nov 7 | Plant crowns/divisions; reliable cold-hardy perennial. |
| Rutabaga | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | Sep 8 - Nov 7 | Long-season root; sow as early as possible. |
| Scallion / Green Onion | — | May 25 - Jul 24 | — | — | Sow successions for continuous harvest. |
| Shallot | — | — | Apr 24 - May 13 | — | Plant sets as soon as ground is workable. |
| Snap / Snow Pea | — | Apr 24 - May 24 | — | — | Direct sow early; tolerates light frost. |
| Spinach | — | Aug 28 - Sep 17 | — | — | Overwintering sow under mulch/cold frame for very early spring harvest; or quick fall crop. |
| Summer Squash | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Transplant after frost; black mulch warms soil. |
| Swiss Chard | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | Sep 8 - Nov 7 | Productive all summer; sow once soil warms slightly. |
| Tomatillo | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Marginal (z4) - protect with season extension; plant two for pollination. |
| Tomato | Mar 4 - Apr 23 | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Start 6-8 weeks before transplant; choose ultra-short-season cold-set varieties (z3 lower bound, marginal but workable in z2 with protection). |
| Turnip | — | Apr 24 - May 24 | — | Sep 8 - Oct 7 | Quick cool-season root; very hardy (z2). |
| Winter Squash | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | Sep 8 - Sep 17 | Choose fastest-maturing types; start indoors for a head start. |
| Zucchini | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Start indoors 3-4 weeks then transplant; very productive (z3 lower bound, OK with care). |
Herbs
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basil | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Very cold-sensitive (z4) - container-grow and keep warm; transplant only after nights warm. |
| Chives | — | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | Hardy perennial; divide and plant clumps. |
| Cilantro / Coriander | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | — | Sow successions in cooler weeks to slow bolting. |
| Dill | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | — | Succession sow for fresh leaf and seed. |
| Parsley | Mar 14 - Apr 23 | — | — | — | Slow to germinate; start indoors and transplant. |
Fruits
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ground Cherry | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Marginal (z4 lower bound) - grow in containers/greenhouse; start indoors early. |
| Strawberry | — | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | Plant bare-root crowns; choose hardy June-bearers. |
Flowers
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borage | — | May 25 - Jun 23 | — | — | Bee magnet; self-seeds and tolerates cool nights (z2). |
| Calendula | — | May 4 - May 24 | — | — | Cool-tolerant; succession sow for continuous edible blooms. |
| Cosmos | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | — | Easy from seed after frost; tolerates poor soil. |
| Marigold | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Transplant for pest deterrence and color all summer. |
| Nasturtium | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | — | Edible flowers/leaves; sow after frost (z2 hardy as annual). |
| Snapdragon | Mar 14 - Apr 23 | — | — | — | Start indoors; tolerates light frost when hardened off. |
| Sunflower | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | — | Sow short-season varieties after frost; thrives in long-day light (z2). |
| Sweet Pea | — | Apr 24 - May 24 | — | — | Cool-season flower; sow early for fragrant blooms (z2 hardy). |
| Zinnia | — | — | May 25 - Jun 13 | — | Warm-loving; transplant after frost for reliable bloom. |
Zone 2a vs Zone 2b
USDA divides zone 2 into two half-zones 5°F apart. Zone 2b is the warmer one; here is how its frost dates compare with zone 2a and the zone 2 average.
| Zone 2a | Zone 2 | Zone 2b | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Winter low | −50 to −45°F | −50 to −40°F | −45 to −40°F |
| Last spring frost | Jun 8 | Jun 1 | May 25 |
| First fall frost | Aug 29 | Sep 5 | Sep 12 |
| Growing season | 76 days | 90 days | 104 days |
Not sure which half you're in? The half-zone comes from your area's average coldest winter night, so check the USDA map for your ZIP code. Your own microclimate — slope, shelter, pavement, elevation — can move dates as much as the half-zone does.
Zone 2b Growing Tips
- ✓ Choose the shortest 'days-to-maturity' varieties available (often labeled for short-season, sub-Arctic, or northern climates) and count backward from the early-September frost - many full-season crops simply cannot finish in zone 2's ~90-day window.
- ✓ Start warm-season crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) indoors under grow lights and use season extension - walls-of-water, low tunnels, cold frames, or an unheated greenhouse - to bank heat and buy 2-4 extra weeks at each end.
- ✓ Do not transplant frost-tender crops outdoors until after the first week of June; hard frosts are common into early June, and a single late frost will kill unprotected tomatoes, beans, and squash.
- ✓ Lean heavily on cold-hardy crops that thrive here - peas, kale, cabbage, carrots, beets, potatoes, spinach, and other z2-z3 roots and brassicas form the reliable backbone of a zone 2 garden.
- ✓ Plant garlic in mid-September to early October and mulch with 12+ inches of straw; deep mulch and reliable snow cover are essential to protect overwintering crowns and bulbs from -40 F soil temperatures and frost heave.
- ✓ Use raised beds and dark mulches/landscape fabric to warm cold soils faster in spring - soil temperature, not air temperature, is often the limiting factor for germination and transplant survival in zone 2.
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Sign Up FreeFrequently Asked Questions
What can I plant in spring in zone 2b?
In zone 2b, spring planting includes Tomato, Pepper (Bell & Hot), Onion (Bulb), Leek, Celery, Celeriac, Broccoli, Cauliflower, and more. See the spring section above for each crop's timing.
What is the last frost date for zone 2b?
The average last spring frost date for USDA zone 2b is May 25. The first fall frost typically arrives around Sep 12, giving a growing season of approximately 104 days.
When is the first frost in zone 2b?
The average first fall frost in USDA zone 2b arrives around Sep 12. That is an average, not a guarantee — the actual first frost varies by up to 2 weeks either way, so watch your local forecast from a few weeks before that date and have row covers ready for tender crops still in the ground.
When can I start seeds indoors in zone 2b?
In zone 2b, start crops like Tomato indoors around Mar 4 - Apr 23. Check the seasonal sections above for each crop's indoor-sowing window.
What can I plant in fall in zone 2b?
Fall planting in zone 2b includes Garlic, Spinach, Pac/Corn Salad (Mâche).
How long is the growing season in zone 2b?
Zone 2b has an average growing season of 104 days, from the last spring frost around May 25 to the first fall frost around Sep 12.
What is the difference between zone 2a and zone 2b?
Zone 2b is the warmer half of USDA zone 2, with average coldest winter nights of −45 to −40°F. Compared with the zone 2 averages (last frost Jun 1, first frost Sep 5), zone 2b's last spring frost is about a week earlier (May 25) and its first fall frost about a week later (Sep 12), so zone 2a gardeners plant about two weeks later in spring and earlier in fall than zone 2b.
What to plant right now
Month-specific guides for zone 2, hand-tuned to current frost dates and crop windows.
- What to Plant in October: Garlic Month, Cover Crops, and the Southern Fall Garden — What to plant in October: garlic goes in across zones 3-7, cover crops hit their deadline, and zones 8-10 plant the best garden of their year.
Learn more: When to plant vegetables by zone